The Brain (By Marcos and Alex)

The brain is the main organ of the nervous system, and the organ who difference us more, from the rest of the animals of the planet.


The brain is the organ that is responsible for the sense, thought, memory and body control. The human brain is a relatively small, weighing about 1.5 kilograms and takes about 2 percent of body weight. It is surrounded by a skull for a physical protection.
And it is formed by 30.000 millions of neurons formed a grey-pink tissue.

• The brain is divided into two hemispheres (left and right), each consisting of four lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal). The outer layer of the brain called the cerebral cortex or "gray matter". It covers the deep nuclei located in the cerebral hemisphere called "white matter".

• Cerebellum: responsible for psychomotor function, the cerebellum coordinates the inner ear sensory input and muscle for adequate control of the position and movement.

• Brainstem: at the base of the brain, forms the link between the cerebral cortex, white matter and spinal cord. Involved in the control of breathing, sleep and circulation.

• Thalamus and hypothalamus: The thalamus has a wide range of connections with the cortex and many other parts of the brain, as the basal ganglia, hypothalamus and brain stem. You can feel the pain but does not locate precisely. The hypothalamus has several important functions, including appetite control, sleep patterns, sexual behavior and response to anxiety.´

• Basal ganglia:The caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus and basal ganglia are involved in controlling movement. These highly specialized groups of cells / nuclei are located in the white matter behind the cerebral cortex.

The brain is billateral, have two parts exactly alike, but the left part controlls the right part of the body or vice versa.

The first the first indication of the existence of the first brains was in the Cambrian explosion, from this, the brains evolved a lot, and we still fight for complain it.

Palm oil

 It is a vegetable oil. We can obtained from the mesocarp. It's the kind of oil with a higher volume of production. The crude palm oil is a rich source of vitamin A and vitamin E. The  palm oil started to produce  to West Africa, it already got 5,000 years ago oil, today the most important place to produce palm oil is Malasia. it is often used as frying oil or dressing, as well as added other food products as ice cream, margarine, can be made equivalent derivatives of cocoa oil, soaps, etc.. ( we eat this product alot)
Also It is used for biodiesel production.
·Palm oil is saturated up to 50%, its composition is: 
-40-48% saturated fatty acids.
-37-46% fatty acids monoinstaurados.
-10% polyunsaturated fatty acids.


Due to its high proportion of saturated fat, negative properties are attributed to human health as  consumption can raise cholesterol 

Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases in which the body produces an excess of malignant cells (known as carcinogens or cancer), with growth and division beyond the normal limits.

Normal cells at the contact with neighboring cells inhibit reproduction, but the malignant cellsdo not have this brake. Most cancers form tumors but some, like leukemia.
Cancer can affect all ages, even fetuses, but risk increases the more common with age.Cancer causes about 13% of all deaths.

There are over 100 different types of cancer. Most cancers take the name of the organ orcells where they start.
The types of cancer can be grouped into larger categories. The main categories of cancer are:

• Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs.
• Sarcoma: Cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels or otherconnective or supportive tissue.
• Leukemia: Cancer that begins in the tissue in which blood is formed, such as bone marrow,and causes them to produce large numbers of abnormal blood cells that enter the blood.
• Lymphoma and myeloma: cancers that begin in cells of the immune system.
• Central nervous system cancers: cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinalcord.

Treatments for cancer:

Cancer treatment varies depending on age, health, type and stage of cancer. Today, medicinehas different procedures to try to heal this process.

• Surgical procedures: vary depending on where the cancer is located and how advanced the disease is.
• Radiation-radiation: this treatment is to apply X-ray
• Chemotherapy is a treatment that is to provide a drug that kills cancer cells. This medicine may be used in various stages of treatment: after a surgical procedure to control the growth of atumor, or to relieve some symptoms related to cancer.

Irene and Silvia

Girls

Amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstruation for a period of time longer than 90 days. It may be normal (physiological) or be indicative of disease (pathological).


Menstruation, or period "rule" is bleeding from the vagina from the uterus, and represents the beginning of the female sexual cycle ormenstrual cycle, approximately 28 days and usually occursfrom the 10-14 years of age and lasts until menopause.
physiological amenorrhoea

The lack of menstruation is physiological when:

• The lack of menstruation is before puberty, the first menstruationusually occurs between 10 and 14.
• In pregnancy: amenorrhea is always present.
• In the lactation amenorrhea that occurs during lactation is ofhypothalamic-pituitary and is of variable duration. The endometriumdoes not grow or develop due to decreased production of hormones. This is because there is no maturation of ovarian follicles.
• At menopause, that starts between 45 and 55. This is because the ovary loses functionality. Begins to occur when hormone secretionis no longer rhythmic.

Pathological amenorrhea: 
Due to a functional alteration of the physiology or organic female. Depending on the altered physiological stage are:

• Peripheral amenorrhea (genital tract).
• amenorrhea gonadal.
• Pituitary amenorrhea.
• amenorrhea hypothalamic.
• amenorrhea adrenal and / or thyroid.


There are many reasons for the filing of a hemorrhage after the first menstruation. Nutritional factors, tumor, stress, emotional trauma, anovulation, immaturity of the hypothalamus, etc.. are possible causes, but it is very important to go immediately to your gynecologist to prevent any complications.

By Merce y Crisi ;)

A coral reef is a type of biotic reef that develops in tropical waters.
Solid structures of the relief of the seabed.
Today coral reefs suffer two problems: Natural and Anthropogenic (for man)
Coral reefs are suffering the effects of climate change due to human contamination.
The response of these ecosystems to climate change is known as coral bleaching.
Oil spills affect the growth and reproduction systems of coral. This impact is damaged by the substances used after a stroke, and increasing threats and can kill them.

The most impressive Coral Reef in the world: In Australia

The loss of reefs has a significant impact on the economy

especially in regard to fishing and tourism. It also impacts on health, since many of the medicines contain substances of corals.

Cies islands

Cies Islands form an archipelago in the Galician Rias. They are three islands: North or Monteagudo, Middle or South or do Faro and San Martino. The first two are joined by an artificial beach. They were declared a nature reserve in 1980 and are included in the National Park of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia established in 2002. In February 2007 the British newspaper The Guardian chose the beach of Rhodes, on the island of Monteagudo, as "the best beach in the world."Deshacer cambios


In 1980 the Cies islands were declared a natural park because of its high natural value of this space and the rapid deterioration that was suffering from humanas.En activities July 2002 creating the National Maritime-Terrestrial Park of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia, formed by a group of islands, islands and islets that are the Cies, Ons, Sálvora, Noro, Vionta, Cortegada and Malveiras. The park has a terrestrial and maritime. Cies in underwater fishing is forbidden since 1992. Since 1988 the islands have the added consideration of SPAs (Special Protection Area for Birds). National parks are natural areas recently transformed by human action. In the Cies are excluded, therefore, all activities that disturb or endanger the stability of ecosystems.




Flora:
The scrub consists mainly of native species such as gorse, broom, asparagus, the spurge or rock rose. The forest is one that has undergone major changes, because native species have disappeared as a fig tree and others like the Pyrenean areas have been reduced to almost testimonials, to be replanted with pine and eucalyptus almost a quarter of the park area. Strong winds high in salts hinder, in turn, development of trees. In the area of ​​the lagoon is typical of marsh vegetation such as reeds.

Fauna:
22,000 pairs of gulls is the dominant species in Cies. There are many other species of raptors, pigeons, petrels, pelicans, doves, woodpeckers and other birds of different species of birds clases.Muchos hibernate or rest on their migrations. Rabbit, hedgehog, otter are the only wild mammals with some presence today. There are also field mice, shrews and bats, and some other species of small size and a lesser amount.

Zone diet

The Zone diet is a healthy eating style is characterized by the controlled intake ofmacronutrients and omega 3 fatty acids.

Dietary Standards
Do not let more than 5 hours between each meal. Normally eats every 3 hours.
Do not let more than 1 hour between I got up and had breakfast.
Take a snack between 30 min and 1 hour before training and immediately after.
Do not take a single meal more than 5 blocks because we would be contributing more than 35 grams of net protein at one meal and not assimilated properly.
If dinner and spend 1.5 to 2 hours before bedtime.
Drink 1.5 to 2 liters of water a day.

BLOCK
The unit of measurement of the Zone Diet is the Block.
The total number of blocks results in the amount of food you need.

Each block consists of:
A mini block of carbohydrate = 9 grams of carbohydrates.
A mini block of protein = 7 grams of protein net.
A mini block of fat = 3 grams of fat.

These amounts are balanced:
40% carbohydrate.
30% protein.
30% fat.

Calculation of blocks (the formula of protein)
It is estimated lean mass (fat-free weight).
This value is multiplied by the factor of activity.
The result is divided by 7.

Example for 16 blocks:
Breakfast: 4 blocks.
1 / 2 morning: 1 block.
Food: 5 blocks.
Snack: 1 block.
Dinner: 4 blocks.
Before bed: 1 block.

Merce and Cris ;)